In youngsters with improved glycemic control, a more liberal SMBG of two-three times per day may be recommended. In young children, especially those with poor glycemic control, the frequency of daily Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG) might range from four to six times per day. In individuals with Type 1 Diabetes, blood glucose monitoring is an important element in predicting glycemic control. One of the negative effects is insulin site infection. Both the physician and the patient should inspect injection sites on a regular basis, especially if there is unexplained blood glucose variability. Insulin injection at the same place and frequent use of a blunt needle cause lipohypertrophy. Improved glycemic control may result in weight gain. Hypoglycemia is the most common adverse effect of insulin therapy and a key stumbling block to maintaining tight glycemic control. Extra physical activity, however, may necessitate insulin changes on occasion. Typically, children engage in short bursts of intensive activity followed by intervals of relaxation. During anaerobic activity, however, catecholamine levels rise significantly, and the pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes patients is unable to boost insulin secretion to counteract the effects of catecholamines. Glycemic regulation may be improved by aerobic fitness. Insulin sensitivity rises during and immediately after exercise, then declines 7-11 hours later. Regular physical activity improves overall well-being, prevents obesity, and lowers cardiovascular risk in Type 1 Diabetes patients. Processed foods are high in salt, so they should be consumed in moderation.
Salt intake should be reduced to 2.5 g per day for children aged one to three, 3 g per day for children aged four to eight, 3.8 g per day for children and adolescents aged 9 years and above, and 6 g per day for adults. Protein should account for 15-20% of total calorie consumption. Fats should account for up to 30% of total calories consumed on a daily basis. Carbohydrates should account for 50-55 percent of total calories. To manage Type 1 Diabetes, the ICMR recommends eating a nutritious diet.
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